Abstract

Apartheid (1948-1994) led to the rigid stratification of South African society – dark skin versus fair, privileged against disadvantaged. These divisions had considerable implications within the mental health system, where white nurses confronted both the white and non-white mentally ill. In attempting to replicate apartheid policies of white supremacy and black disenfranchisement inside the institution, mental health workers resorted to sexually exploiting their already marginalized non-white patients. This abuse became even more damaging in the presence of HIV/AIDS, with the non- white mentally ill exposed to the virus as a result of their dual confinement within the hospital and within apartheid. On the other hand, the same combination of discrimination, sexual control, and illness also extended outside the mental institution to impact the gay community. In the end, while the HIV/AIDS epidemic that began during the apartheid era continues to shape contemporary South Africa, there is hope to halt its progress through sustained, multilevel interventions, including specialized clinics, anti-stigmatization campaigns, and preventative therapy.